Thursday, April 10, 2014
Carbamazepine
Indication
Carbamazepine is
indicated for
•
partial and secondary generalized tonicclonic
Seizures
•
primary generalized tonic-clonic
Seizures
•
trigeminal neuralgia
•
prophylaxis of bipolar disorder
is indicated for
•
partial and secondary generalized tonicclonic
Seizures
•
primary generalized tonic-clonic
Seizures
•
trigeminal neuralgia
•
prophylaxis of bipolar disorder
Dosage
& Administration
Epilepsy:
Adults
and children over 12 years of age - Initial: Either 200 mg b.i.d. for tablets
and XR tablets, or 1 teaspoon q.i.d. for suspension (400 mg/day).
Maintenance:
usually 800-1200 mg daily. Children 6-12 years of age - Initial: Either 100 mg
b.i.d. for tablets or XR tablets,
Contraindication
& Precaution
This
medicine should not be used if anybody is allergic to one or any of its
ingredients. It cannot be used also in the following conditions:
•
Problems with the electrical message
pathways
in the heart (atrioventricular
block).
.
History of decreased blood cell production
by
the bone marrow (bone marrow
depression).
•
Hereditary blood disorders called
porphyrias.
•
Allergy to tricyclic antidepressants, eg
amitriptyline.
•
People who have taken a monoamineoxidase
inhibitor
antidepressant (MAOI) in
the
last 14 days.
Side
Effect
Dizziness,
drowsiness, ataxia, dry mouth, abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting,
anorexia, leucopenia, proteinuria, bradycardia, heart failure and hypotension.
Erythematous skin rash, aplastic anemia may also be observed.
Use
in Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy
category D. Carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite are transferred to breast
milk. Because of the potential serious side Effects, decision should me made
whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the
drug.
Preparation
200 mg
Tablet, 200 mg CR Tablet, 100 mg/5 ml (100 ml) Suspension.
Clopidogrel + Aspirin
Indication
Prevention
of atherosclerotic events in patients with history of symptomatic
atherosclerotic diseases (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction or acute
coronary syndrome).
Dosage
and Administration
Once
daily.
Contraindication
and Precaution
Hypersensitivity
to any of the components or NSAIDs. Active pathological bleeding such as peptic
ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage or bleeding disorders T7-T10 spinal segments.
With the patient receiving the injection in the horizontal position and then
turned supine, the blockade spreads to T4-T7 spinal segments. It should be
understood that the level of spinal anesthesia achieved with any local
anesthetic can be unpredictable in
a
given patient. The Effects of Anespine exceeding 4 ml have not yet been studied
and such volumes can therefore not be recommended.
Contraindication & Precaution
Spinal anesthesia should only be undertaken by clinicians with
the necessary knowledge and experience. Patients with hypovolemia due to any
cause can develop sudden and severe hypotension during spinal
anesthesia.
It is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to it or to any
local anesthetic agent of the amide type. The following conditions preclude the
use of spinal anesthesia: severe haemorrhage,
severe
hypotension or shock and arrhythmias, such as complete heart block, which
severely restrict cardiac output.
Side Effect
The safety of Bupivacaine is comparable to that of other local anesthetics
used for spinal anesthesia. In rare cases Bupivacaine has been associated
with
allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock. Spinal anesthesia itself can cause hypotension
and bradycardia due to sympathetic blockade and/or vasovagal fainting. Systemic
adverse reactions are characterized by numbness
of thetongue, Lightheadedness, dizziness and
tremors,
followed by convulsions and cardiovascular disorders.
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation
Bupivacaine
enters the mother’s milk but in such small quantities that there is generally
no risk of affecting the child at therapeutic dose levels. There is no may be
encountered during Losartan potassium treatment.
Use in Pregnancy & Lactation
Losartan potassium should not be used in pregnancy and if
pregnancy is detected Losartan potassium should be discontinued as soon as
possible. Losartan potassium should not be used in lactating mother.
Drug Interaction
No drug interaction of clinical significance has been identified.
Preparation: 25 mg,
50 mg & 100 mg Tablet.
Tramadol
Indication
Post-operative
pain, Colic and spastic pain, Cancer pain, Joint pain, of thrombo-embolic disorders such as myocardial
infarction and stroke.
Dosage
and Administration
One
tablet once daily.
Contraindication
and Precaution
Hypersensitivity,
Active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or ntracranial hemorrhage.
Side
Effect
Hemorrhage,
abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, dizziness,
vertigo, paraesthesia, rash, pruritus, hepatic and biliary disorder, neutropenia
may occur.
Drug
Interaction
Aspirin,
NSAIDs should be used with cautions to patients taking
Clopidogrel.
Use
in Pregnancy and Lactation
Clopidogrel
should be used in pregnant women and nursing mothers only if clearly needed.
Preparation: 75 mg
Tablet.