Xylometazoline

Xylometazoline

Composition :

Each ml of solution contains Xylometazoline Hydrochloride BP 1 mg or 0.5 mg.

Description :

Xylometazoline is a nasal decongestant that is directly dosed into the nose as drops. The drug works by constricting the blood vessel in the nose. The vasoconstriction means that there is less pressure in the capillaries and less water can filter out. So, less discharge is made.

Indications :

It is indicated for the temporary relief of nasal congestion or stuffiness in the nose due to • cold • hay fever • sinusitis • other upper respiratory allergies.

Dosage and Administration :

Adults and Children (12 years of age and older) –Use 2 to 3 drops of 0.1% solution in each nostril every 8 to 10 hours as needed. Children (2 to 12 years of age)- use 2 to 3 drops of 0.05% solution in each nostril every 8 to 10 hours as needed.

Side effects :

Side effect may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as the body adjusts to the medicine. However, consult with the physician if any of the following side effects continue i.e. burning, dryness or stinging inside the nose & sneezing.

Contra-indications :

Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation. It should not be used for people with high blood pressure or other heart problems.

Precaution :

Do not use it more often. To do so may make stuffy nose worse (rebound congestion) and the vessels become resistant or the number of receptors decrease or degenerative changes in nasal mucous membranes may occur.

Presentation :

Xylometazoline 0.05% & 0.1% nasal drops are supplied in 10 ml polyethylene bottle.

Storage :

Store at controlled room temperature in dry place. Keep out of the reach of children.

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Nitroglycerin

Indication:

Indicated for the acute relief of an attack or acute prophylaxis of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease.

Dosage and Administration:

One tablet should be dissolved under the tongue at the first sign of an acute anginal attack. The dose may be repeated approximately every five minutes, until relief is obtained. If the pain persists after a total of 3 tablets in a 15-minute period, prompt medical attention is recommended. Injection: The usual dose range is 10 -200 mcg/min. Dose up to 400 mcg/min may be required during some surgical procedures.

Contraindication & Precaution:

Contraindicated in patients with early myocardial infarction, severe anemia, increased intracranial pressure and those with a known hypersensitivity to Nitroglycerin. Also contraindicated in patients who are using sildenafil citrate since sildenafil citrate has been shown to potentiate the hypotensive Effects of organic nitrates. Only the smallest dose required for Effective control of the acute angina attack should be used. Excessive use may lead to the development of tolerance. This drug should be used with caution in patients who may be volume-depleted or are already hypotensive.

Drug Interaction:

Antihypertensive drugs, beta-adrenergic blockers, phenothiazines, calcium channel blockers, alcohol, aspirin, ergotamine and related drugs.

Side Effect:

Headache which may be severe and persistent may occur immediately after use. Vertigo, dizziness, weakness, palpitation and other manifestations of postural hypotension may developoccasionally.

Use in Pregnancy & Lactation:

Should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. It is not known whethernitroglycerin is excreted in human milk.

Preparation:

0.5 mg Sublingual Tablet, 5 mg/ ml IV Injection, 2.6 mg SR (Sustained Release) Tablet.

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Paracetamol

Indication:

Fever, headache, toothache, earache, bodyache, myalgia, dysmenorrhoea, neuralgia and sprains. Pain of colic, back pain, chronic pain of cancer, inflammatory pain, and post-vaccination pain and fever of children. Rheumatism and osteoarthritic pain & stiffness of joints in fingers, hips, knees, wrists, elbows, feet, ankles and top & bottom of the spine.

Dosage & Administration:

 Tablet: Adult 1-2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours up to a maximum of 4 g (8 tablets) daily. Children (6-12 years) 1/2 to 1 tablet 3 to 4 times daily. XR Tablet: 2 tablet every 6 to 8 hourly upto a maximum of 6 tablets daily. Syrup and Suspension: Children Under 3 months: 10 mg/kg body weight (reduce to 5 mg/kg if

jaundiced) 3 to 4 times daily. 3 months to below 1 year : 1/2 to 1 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily. 1-5 years: 1-2 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily. 6-12 years : 2-4 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily. Adults 4-8 teaspoonful 3 to 4 times daily. Paediatric Drop: Children upto 3 months: 0.5 ml (40 mg) 4 to 11 months:

1.0 ml (80 mg). 1 to 2 years: 1.5 ml (120 mg) Dose can be repeated, every 4 hours.

Suppository: Suppository should be administered rectaly. Children 3 months -

1 year : 60-120 mg 4 times daily. Children below 5 years : 125-250 mg, 4 times daily. Children 6-12 years : 250-500 mg, 4 times daily. Adults and children over 12 years : 0.5 - 1 mg, 4 times daily.

Contraindication & Precaution:

 Known sensitivity to paracetamol.

Side Effect:

Side Effects are significantly mild, though haematological reactions

have been reported. Pancreatitis, skin rashes, and other allergic reactions occur

alcoholics or in patients taking other antiepilectic medications.

Precaution:

 Should be given cautiously in the following cases: In patients with hepatic or renal failure, in patients taking other hepatotoxic medication. Prolonged

use of the drug without consulting a physician should be avoided.

Preparation:

Paracetamol 500 mg & Caffeine 65 mg.

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